Prevalence of Strox Smoking among University Students in Cairo, Egypt

Prevalence of Strox Smoking among University Students in Cairo, Egypt

 

Ahmed M. M. Hashim (1), Ahmed M. Hassan (1), Ghada Essam El-Din Amin (1) and Mohamed Farouk Allam (1,2)

 

1. Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

2. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.

 

The Open Public Health Journal 2020;13:425-429.

DOI: 10.2174/1874944502013010425, 2020, 13, 425-429

 

Abstract:

Background: In Egypt, the prevalence rate of New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs) use is severely underestimated. In the last 5 years, several non-scientific reports have demonstrated the presence of an emergent, cheap NPSs that has taken the name of “Strox” or “Egyptian Spice”. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of Strox smoking among undergraduate students attending Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo (Egypt).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five non-medical colleges of ASU, namely, Law, Commerce, Computer Science, Engineering, and Literature. Participants were recruited using a convenient sampling method and were asked about NPSs use. Data were collected using the Marijuana Smoking History Questionnaire (MSHQ) developed by Bonn-Miller and Zvolensky (2009). The questionnaire was translated and modified to reflect Egyptian slang and culture.

Results: This study included 558 students, 422 (75.6%) males and 136 (24.4%) females. The results showed that 189 (33.9%) were current tobacco smokers, 51 (9.1%) were smokers of substances other than tobacco, 45 (8.1%) were cannabis smokers, 38 (6.8%) were Strox smokers, and 3 (0.5%) were Voodoo smokers. When students were asked about their reasons for smoking Strox, they cited the following motivations: to achieve a feeling of euphoria(28.9%), depression (23.7%), experimentation (23.7%), peer pressure (21.1%), and having excess money (2.6%). The results showed a clear association between tobacco and cannabis smoking and consumption of Strox.

Conclusion: Although the prevalence rates of NPSs usage as observed in this study were not high, higher rates could be expected in other communities outside of the university. Community-based studies are needed to estimate the magnitude of NPSs use in Egypt and the associated risk factors.

 

Keywords: Smoking, Cannabis, Strox, Voodoo, Drug use, Prevalence.

 

The Open Public Health Journal, 2020, 13: 425-429

https://benthamopen.com/FULLTEXT/TOPHJ-13-425

 

Scoring System for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

Scoring System for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

 

Mohamed Farouk Allam

Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

 

The Open Public Health Journal 2020;13:413-4.

 

DOI: 10.2174/1874944502013010413, 2020, 13, 413-414

 

Abstract:

Due to the international spread of COVID-19, the difficulty of collecting nasopharyngeal swab specimen from all suspected patients, the costs of RT-PCR and CT, and the false negative results of RT-PCR assay in 41% of COVID-19 patients, a scoring system is needed to classify the suspected patients in order to determine the need for follow-up, home isolation, quarantine or the conduction of further investigations. A scoring system is proposed as a diagnostic tool for suspected patients. It includes Epidemiological Evidence of Exposure, Clinical Symptoms and Signs, and Investigations (if available). This scoring system is simple, could be calculated in a few minutes, and incorporates the main possible data/findings of any patient.

 

Keywords: Nasopharyngeal swab, COVID-19, diagnosis, RT-PCR, CT, Score system.

 

The Open Public Health Journal 2020;13:413-4.

https://benthamopen.com/FULLTEXT/TOPHJ-13-413