Probiotics and Intestinal Microbiome: A Review of Literature

Probiotics and Intestinal Microbiome: A Review of Literature

 

Hadeer Abdel-Aleem Hassan Mohamed Tawfik (1), Mohamed Nazmy Farris (2), Rasha Samir (2,3), Mohamed Nabil Badawy Al Ashram (2), Mina Mikhail Nessim (2), Mohamed Farouk Allam (1)

 

1. Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

3. Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.

 

World Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2022, 1, 479

 

DOI: 10.31586/wjmm.2022.479

 

Abstract:

Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics modify various aspects of local and systemic immune function in multiple experimental models. However, their impact and mechanisms of action are not known across all products or noticed in every population studied, and impacts on in vitro, ex vivo, or other measures of immune function do not necessarily result in an impact on infection and illness in vivo. Studies have discussed that intestinal microbiota has an essential role in enhancing the immune system against viruses. The regulatory impact of the intestinal microbiota on viral infection is connected with local and systemic immune responses and plays a part in congenital and adaptive immune responses. The microbiota composition critically modulates the production of virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells and antibody responses following influenza virus infection. The intestinal microbiota has an important role in the stabilizing of immune homeostasis by augmenting the integrity of the barrier functions of the gut mucosa, which is a crucial aspect of systemic immunity. In conclusion, the intestinal microbiota can influence organismal immunity locally and systemically, proximally, and distally. Studying the possible mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota maintains host immunity can provide a clearer understanding of the occurrence and development of diseases.

 

Keywords: Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Intestinal Microbiome, Microbiota, Review.

 

World Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2022, 1, 479

 

https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/wjmm/article/view/479

Nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished children: are nutritional supplements a must?

Nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished children: are nutritional supplements a must?

 

Ehab Khairy Emam (1),  May Fouad Nassar (1),  Mohamed Farouk Allam (2),  Mai Mamdouh Ahmed (3), Heba Essam El-Khouly (1).

 

1. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

2. Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

3. Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt.

Current Medical Research and Opinion 2022 Oct 13:1-19. 

 

DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2135839

 

Abstract

Objective: Malnutrition threatens children worldwide. The objective of the current study was to highlight the role of nutritional screening, evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional intervention programme, and whether nutritional supplements have surplus benefit. Patients and methods: Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP) was used to screen 3640 clinically stable 2-5 years old children recruited from the outpatient clinics, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University. A total of 100 patients at high risk of malnutrition were recruited. Full nutritional assessment was done and according to the distribution of the calories in the daily meal plan, the patients were randomly divided into two groups each comprised 50 patients. Group A received tailored nutritional dietary rehabilitation plan including dietary supplements, while Group B received only dietary advice. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests, as well as STAMP scoring were reassessed after the nutritional rehabilitation Programs. Results: Nutritional screening revealed that 5.14% were at high risk of malnutrition. Both studied groups showed significant improvement in caloric intake and all anthropometric measurements upon nutritional rehabilitation, except for the height z scores. Patients who received nutritional supplements showed significantly better changes regarding weight, BMI, caloric intake, and hemoglobin. Regarding STAMP categories during follow up, Group A had only 6% of the patients still in the high-risk category and 76% were at low risk compared to 14% high risk and only 54% were at low risk in Group B. Conclusion: Nutritional screening in pediatric outpatient facilities can lead to implementing prompt nutritional rehabilitation which can reflect on their overall health. Tailored nutritional plan can accomplish good response in terms of improvement of caloric intake, anthropometric measurements and laboratory parameters. Adding a nutritional supplement to the dietary plan during nutritional rehabilitation isn’t a must but it ensures superior goal achievement.

 

Keywords: Ain Shams University; Intervention Study; Malnutrition; Nutritional rehabilitation; Nutritional supplements; STAMP.

 

Current Medical Research and Opinion 2022 Oct 13:1-19. 

 

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03007995.2022.2135839