Probiotics and Intestinal Microbiome: A Review of Literature

Probiotics and Intestinal Microbiome: A Review of Literature

 

Hadeer Abdel-Aleem Hassan Mohamed Tawfik (1), Mohamed Nazmy Farris (2), Rasha Samir (2,3), Mohamed Nabil Badawy Al Ashram (2), Mina Mikhail Nessim (2), Mohamed Farouk Allam (1)

 

1. Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

3. Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.

 

World Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2022, 1, 479

 

DOI: 10.31586/wjmm.2022.479

 

Abstract:

Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics modify various aspects of local and systemic immune function in multiple experimental models. However, their impact and mechanisms of action are not known across all products or noticed in every population studied, and impacts on in vitro, ex vivo, or other measures of immune function do not necessarily result in an impact on infection and illness in vivo. Studies have discussed that intestinal microbiota has an essential role in enhancing the immune system against viruses. The regulatory impact of the intestinal microbiota on viral infection is connected with local and systemic immune responses and plays a part in congenital and adaptive immune responses. The microbiota composition critically modulates the production of virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells and antibody responses following influenza virus infection. The intestinal microbiota has an important role in the stabilizing of immune homeostasis by augmenting the integrity of the barrier functions of the gut mucosa, which is a crucial aspect of systemic immunity. In conclusion, the intestinal microbiota can influence organismal immunity locally and systemically, proximally, and distally. Studying the possible mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota maintains host immunity can provide a clearer understanding of the occurrence and development of diseases.

 

Keywords: Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Intestinal Microbiome, Microbiota, Review.

 

World Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2022, 1, 479

 

https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/wjmm/article/view/479