International
pooled study on diet and bladder cancer: the bladder cancer, epidemiology and
nutritional determinants (BLEND) study: design and baseline characteristics.
Arch
Public Health. 2016 Jul 6;74:30. doi: 10.1186/s13690-016-0140-1. eCollection
2016.
Goossens
ME(1), Isa F(2), Brinkman M(3), Mak D(2), Reulen R(2), Wesselius A(4),
Benhamou S(5), Bosetti C(6),
Bueno-de-Mesquita B(7), Carta A(8), Allam MF(9),
Golka K(10), Grant EJ(11), Jiang
X(12), Johnson KC(13), Karagas MR(14), Kellen E(15), La Vecchia C(16), Lu
CM(17), Marshall J(18), Moysich K(18), Pohlabeln H(19), Porru S(8), Steineck
G(20), Stern MC(12), Tang L(18), Taylor JA(21), van
den
Brandt P(22), Villeneuve PJ(23), Wakai K(24), Weiderpass E(25), White E(26),
Wolk
A(27), Zhang ZF(28), Buntinx F(29), Zeegers MP(30).
Author
information:
(1)Department
of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU
Leuven,
Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. (2)Department of
Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham,Birmingham,
UK. (3)The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. (4)NUTRIM School for
Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht,
Maastricht, The Netherlands. (5)INSERM U946, Variabilite Genetique et Maladies
Humaines, Fondation Jean Dausset / CEPH, Paris, France. (6)Laboratory of General
Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri",
Milan, Italy. (7)Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for
Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands ;
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The
Netherlands ; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health,
Imperial College London, London, UK ; Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (8)Department of
Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health,
Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia,
Italy. (9)Department of Preventive Medicine and
Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
(10)Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU
Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. (11)Department of Epidemiology Radiation Effects
Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan. (12)Department of Preventive Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA. (13)Department of
Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada.
(14)Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth,
Hanover, NH USA. (15)Leuven University Centre for Cancer Prevention (LUCK),
Leuven, Belgium. (16)Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health,
University of Milan, Milan, Italy. (17)Department of Urology, Buddhist Dalin
Tzu Chi General Hospital, Dalin Township, 62247 Chiayi County Taiwan. (18)Department
of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
USA. (19)Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS,
Bremen, Germany. (20)Department of Oncology and Pathology, Division of Clinical
Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. (21)Epidemiology
Branch, and Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC USA. (22)Department of
Epidemiology, Schools for Oncology and Developmental
Biology
and Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht,
The Netherlands. (23)Population Studies Division Health Canada, Ottawa, ON
Canada. (24)Department of Preventive medicine, Nagoya University Graduate
School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. (25)Department of Medical Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ;
Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of
Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway ; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan
Research Center, Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Community Medicine, University
of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. (26)Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA. (27)Division of Nutritional Epidemiology,
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
(28)Departments of Epidemiology, UCLA Center for Environmental Genomics,
Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA),
Los Angeles, CA USA. (29)Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, bus 7001, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium ; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht,
Maastricht, The Netherlands. (30)NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands ;
CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht,
Maastricht, The Netherlands ; School of Cancer Sciences, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
BACKGROUND:
In 2012, more than 400,000 urinary bladder cancer cases occurred worldwide,
making it the 7(th) most common type of cancer. Although many previous studies
focused on the relationship between diet and bladder cancer, the evidence related
to specific food items or nutrients that could be involved in the development
of bladder cancer remains inconclusive. Dietary components can either be, or be
activated into, potential carcinogens through metabolism, or act to prevent
carcinogen damage.
METHODS/DESIGN:
The BLadder cancer, Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) study was
set up with the purpose of collecting individual patient data from
observational studies on diet and bladder cancer. In total, data from 11,261 bladder
cancer cases and 675,532 non-cases from 18 case-control and 6 cohort studies
from all over the world were included with the aim to investigate the association
between individual food items, nutrients and dietary patterns and risk of
developing bladder cancer.
DISCUSSION:
The substantial number of cases included in this study will enable us to
provide evidence with large statistical power, for dietary recommendations on the
prevention of bladder cancer.
DOI:
10.1186/s13690-016-0140-1
PMCID:
PMC4933992
PMID:
27386115 [PubMed]
